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1 - Quantitative research is obtrusive, involving controlled measurement but NOT ----------
process-oriented
2-Which of the following is true about qualitative research?1. It is based on soft data.
3-Which of the following is basically ungeneralizable and based on single case studies?2. qualitative research
4-Where are hypotheses usually found in a research paper? 4. after the statement of purpose
5-Which section of a research paper deals with logistical issues related to what has actually been done? procedures 4
6-Which of the following are mainly interpretive and explanatory? 3. discussion and conclusion
7-In what case, we may mainly run into a "so what" response to our research? 2. If it is not theoretically interesting.
8-Which of the following might be called into question if we caot repeat the results of a particular quantitative study? 2. validity9-A number of conditions should be met to withhold information from participants of a study. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be one of them?
4. participants should be provided with the outcome of the study.
10-Which of the following involves giving learners short contextualized passages with relevantsentences embedded in them?2. truth-value judgement
11-Which of the following is one of the controversies with regard to the use of acceptabilityjudgement task? 1. What sort of knowledge is being tapped?
12-In acceptability judgement task, when participants are asked to judge sentence as they relate toone another, the practial consideration under focus is --------- 3. comparison
13-Which of the following is based on the assumption that if a sentence is part of one's grammar, it will be relatively easy to repeat? 1. elicited imitation
14-Which of the following involves presenting words on a screen one at a time, with each successive word appearing after a participant says he is ready? 4. moving window
15-Which of the following are designed to facilitate the learners' cognitive processes in terms ofawareness of some language area or linguistic structure? 2. consciousness-raising tasks
16-Which of the following is based on the assumption that what happens in consciousness can beobserved in much the same way that one can observe events in the external world?3. introspective method
17-Which of the following is a set of guidelines for transcription and methods of linguistic coding in aformat in which users can create dependent tiers? 1. CHAT 18-What label is appropriate for the hypothesis below?There is a difference between the vocabulary knowledge of those learning English in a second language and those in a foreign language environment. 3. non-directional hypothesis
19-Which of the following are characteristics of people or of treatment variables that may result in aninteraction between an independent variable and other variables?
4. moderator variables
20-Which of the following is the main factor that can enhance the construct validity? 1. multiple estimates of a construct
21-Which of the following statements is FALSE about intact classes?1. The use of intact classes is typical of experimental research
22-Which of the following statements is TRUE?1. correlational studies are used to make predictions
23-Which of the following research methods suffer from the caveat of writing up the research report because the research report might come out skewed? 2. ethnographic research
24-Which of the following might suffer from selective recall, self-delusion, perceptual distortions,memory loss, as well as subjectivity in the researcher's recording and interpreting of the data?
4. interview
25-Which of the following helps to reduce Hawthorne effect? 1. time series design
26-Which of the following is NOT one of he advantages of using or modifying existing observationschemes?
4. possibility of measuring change over different times
27-Which of the following is FALSE about action research?3. It rarely involves gathering data or interpretation.
28-Which of the following is what is called a T-unit?4. one main clause and all its subordinate clauses
29-Which of the following represents the average rate of agreement for an entire set of scores whichaccount for the frequency of both agreements and disagreements? 1. Cohen's Kappa30-Which of the following is used when more than one dependent variable are involved? 4. MANOVA
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1- Which of the following is a feature of quantitative research?1. It involves controlled measurement.
a
2- Which of the following is NOT true about qualitative research?1. It assumes there is a stable reality to be discovered.
3- Which of the following is FALSE about qualitative studies?2. They are generally set up as experiments.
4-Which part of a research paper provides the reader with information on the gap addressed by thestudy?3. statement of purpose
5-Which section of a paper is most informative if one intends to replicate a study?
4. method
6-What is the most difficult aspect of any research undertaking?2. identification of appropriate research questions
7-Which of the following journals explicitly solicits replication studies? 3. studies in second language acquisition
8- Researchers are allowed to withhold information if three conditions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
4. There is adequate compensation for any damage
9- Which of the following is the main aim of assessment in a pilot test?3. feasibility and usefulness of data collection procedures
10-Which of the following is necessary if it is not possible for researchers to wait a considerable amount of time for enough instances to occur in natural production to draw reasonable conclusion? 4. forced elicitation
11- The origin of acceptability judgement is within the ---------- to language and are most commonly used within the -----------
4. formal linguistic approaches/universal grammar paradigm
12-In -------------- the end result is a set of data that is more informative because the participant establishes both range and the distribution of responses.
3. magnitude estimation
13-Which of the following assumes that the longer it takes to respond to a sentence, the more processing energy is required?
2. reaction time
14-In a ------------, individuals have different pieces of information and they need to orally interact in order to solve the task. 1. jigsaw task
15-Which of the following has the advantage of providing the researcher with access to processes that are unavailable by other means? 1. verbal reports
16-In the technique known as the -----------, the participants are asked to tell a story about some past or future event, but the main problem is that despite the prompt, learners may opt for a different form.
1. elicited narrative
17-Which of the following is a software program for analyzing the transcripts through searches and frequency counts? 3. CLAN
18-Which of the following are characteristics of individuals or of treatment variables that may resultin an interaction between an independent variable and other variables?
3. moderator variables
19-Which of the following refers to the familiarity of our instruments and how easy it is to convince others that there is content validity to it?1. face validity
20-Which of the following is the selection of participants who happen to be available for the study?2. convenience sampling
21-An experimental design in which the ordering of test items or tasks are different for different people is called -------- 2. counterbalancing
22-Which of the following is a common way to follow when we are not able to randomly choose the participants?
3. repeated measures design
23- Qualitative researchers aim to interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people attach to them. This is called ---- 2. emic perspective
24-Which of the following can potentially suffer from participants' selective recall and self-delusions?2. interviews
25- There are three distinguishing features of thick description. Which of the following is NOT one of them? 3. multiple perspective
26-A first person account of a language learning or teaching experience which is documented through regular candid entries in a personal journal and then analyzed for recurrent patterns and salient events is called a/an
4. diary
27- What is know as -------------- is a mode of inquiry which is carried out by the teacher and is more oriented to instructor and learner development than it is to theory building?
2. action research
28-Which of the following can be considered a dichotomous variable?2. gender
29-Which of the following is a statistical measure which is used to represent the average rate of agreement for an entire set of scores accounting for the frequency of both agreements and disagreements by category?
1. Cohen's Kappa
30-Which of the following allows researchers to carry out a meta-analysis? 1. effect size
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1 - Which of the following is a feature of qualitative research? 4. It usually involves single case studies
2- Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research? 1. it is verification oriented
3- Which of the following can be considered a difference between the research reports of qualitative and quantitative studies? 3. Qualitative reports do not follow a standard format of reporting.
4-Different research reports require different amounts of details in a literature review. Which of the following is the most important factor in this regard? 2. the purpose of the report
5-Which section of a research paper should you refer to if you are interested in objectivedescriptions without interpretation? 4. results
6-Which of the following is NOT among the major characteristics that a research question should have? 4. It should enjoy rich literature.
7- Which statement is true of L2 research replication?1. It is a way to increase reliability and validity of research.
8-A researcher has decided to not disclose certain information to participants but he has been told that three conditions should be met for this decision. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be one of these conditions?
1. the participants should be informed that they are part of a study
9-In which of the following are the participants given short contextualized passages with relevant sentences embedded in them? 1. truth-value judgement
10-One of the major concerns with ----------- is whether the participants' responses are trulyrepresentative of their knowledge of the language or whether they are trying to remember what some teacher said should be the case. 4. acceptability judgement
11-Which of the following is used when a researcher needs to rank items in relation to each other and to know how much one category is better than another one? 1. magnitude estimation
12- Which of the following disciplines has served as the origin of procedures such as sentence matching and acceptability judgments? 4. psycholinguistics
13- Which of the following has the advantage of informing the researcher with regard to the types of cues that learners use in comprehending second language sentences and how those cues might be related to first language knowledge? 3. sentence interpretation
14-In a ------------- task, the researcher asks the learners to work together to reconstruct a text that has been read to them. This can be classified as a -------------- task. 3. dictogloss/consensus
15-Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a recommendation for stimulated recall research?
3. The participants should be highly trained for the task.
16-Which of the following is FALSE with regard to the use of Discourse Completion Test?3. It is frequently implemented in both listening and speaking.
17-Which of the following is NOT true about questioaires?4. They provide a complete picture of contexts complexities.
18-Which of the following is a software program for analyzing the transcripts through searches and frequency counts? 1. CLAN
19-The variable that is not included in the original study because it caot be identified is called the ----------- variable. 3. intervening
20-Which of the following scales is the most appropriate for data on participants' nationalities? 3. nominal
21-Which of the following refers to the degree that changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable? 2. internal validity
22-Which part of a research paper should be studied to find out how the treatment wasadministered? 1. procedure
23-In which of the following designs are participants randomly assigned to one of experimental groups who receive different treatmens? 1. comparison group design
24-Which of the following is NOT one of the qualitative research features? 3. impartiality to the goal of research
25-Which of the following tries to avoid placing preconceived notions on the data, with researchers preferring to let the data guide the analysis?
3. grounded theory
26-Which of the following refers to one way to elicit learners' perspectives on second language classroom events by collecting their reports about their learning? 1. uptake sheets
27-Which of the following consists of one main clause with all subordinate clauses attached to it?2. T unit
28-Which of the following refers to the exact probability level matching the calculated statistic?3. p value
29-Which of the following statistical measures is used when we need to compare the means of more than two groups? 2. ANOVA
30-Which of the following is a common measure to find the effect size?3. Cohen's d
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1- What does quantitative research generally begin with?
1. an experimental design
2- Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?
4. assuming a dynamic reality
3- Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research?
1. verification oriented
4-Which section of a typical research paper includes the interpretation of the findings in light of the questions?
4. discussion
5-Which part of a research paper should be studied to find out how the treatment was administered?
2. procedure
6-There are three conditions that should be met in order to allow withholding information from participants. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be one of them?
3. all participants should be adults
7-Which of the following is FALSE about pilot testing?
2. The data from the pilot study should not be used in the main study.
8-Which of the following is one of the major challenges and controversies with regard to the use of acceptability judgments?
3. What sort of knowledge does this technique measure?
9-There are a number of recommendations for the use of elicited imitation. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be one of them?
2. To achieve uniformity and authenticity of presentation, live voice is preferred.
10-Which of the following is an interaction-based research task?
1. spot the difference
11-Which one of the following is intended to facilitate learners' cognitive processes in terms of knowledge of some language area or linguistic structure?
4. consciousness raising task
12-Self-revelation is a kind of.............. in second language research.
4. retrospection
13-In which of the following does the participant provide an ongoing report of his or her thought processes while doing some task?
4. self-revelation
14-Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using questioaires?
2. it can be prepared in a short time
15-Which of the following was designed to help studies by providing researchers with conversational interactions among child and adult first and second language learners?
3. CHILDES
16-Which of the following are not included in the original research because they caot be identified precisely?
3. intervening variables
17- Which of the following is used for attributes or categories with the possibility of assigning numerical values to them?
1. nominal scale
18-Which of the following can enhance construct validity?
2. use of multiple estimates
19-Which of the following is LEAST likely to pose a threat to internal validity?
4. participant selection
20-In which of the following do we need to first determine the proportions of the population
subgroups?
3. stratified sampling
21-Among the methods of estimating reliability, ----------- is most sensitive to the practice effect.
2. test-retest
22-The technique known as --------- refers to an experimental design in which the orders of test items or tasks are different for different people who take part in them.
2. counterbalancing
23-The most important feature that distinguishes experimental from a quasi experimental design is
3. randomization
24-The studies known as the ---------- have the advantage of having research questions that are dynamic, subject to constant revision, and refined as the research continues to uncover new knowledge.
3. ethnographic studies
25-The use of -------------- as a data-elicitation technique encourages learners to communicate their internal processing and perspectives about language learning experiences.
4. introspection
26- The ------------ can be considered a mode of inquiry that is done by teachers and is aimed more at developing instructors and learners than at building theory.
4. action research
27-The ---.........- has been criticized because it does not account for learners' use of morphemes in inappropriate contexts.
1. SOC
28-What is the percentage of scores that lie between the mean and two standard deviations above the mean in a normal distribution?
1. about 48 percent
29-Which of the following measures is most appropriate when we want to determine if the means of three groups are significantly different from one another?
2 ANOVA
30-Which of the following is usually used instead of a t-test when the assumptions of parametric testsare not met?
1. Ma-Whitney U test
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1- Concerning quantitative vs. qualitative research, which sentence is NOT true?
2. Qualitative research is outcome-oriented.
2-The background material as well as the outline of the purpose of the research should be included in .......... section of the research.
4. introduction
3-Two primary reasons for the replication of a study are .......... and generalizability.
1. verification
4-One difficulty involved in replication is ..........
2. individual characteristics
5-When obtaining informed consent, the participants should be supplied with the followings
EXCEPT:
4. Revealing identifying information.
6-Among the major ethical principles, .......... involves respecting people's decisions and protecting them from harm, as well as making efforts to ensure their well-being.
3. beneficence
7- Which one is NOT among the purposes of pilot study?
1. It is a means for selecting appropriate participants.
8- The Universal Grammar approach to second language acquisition begins from the perspective of
3. learnability
9-The basic assumption underlying .......... is that if a given sentence is part of one's grammar, it will be relatively easy to repeat.
4. elicited imitation
10-The model dealing with sentence interpretation that concerns what information people use in coming to an understanding of the relationships of words in a sentence is called .......... Model.
2. Competition
11-Leaners are required to verbalize their thoughts about language on their way to a solution in ..........Tasks.
2. Consciousness-raising
12-The underlying assumption dealing with the .......... is that what takes place in consciousness can be observed in much the same way that one observes events in the external world.
1. introspection
13- Which one is NOT among the types of verbal reporting used in second language research?
3. Self-evaluation
14- .......... recall can be distinguished from immediate in that it occurs simultaneously with the event.
4. Online
15-Although open role plays reflect natural data more exactly, they are still collected .........
1. in a non-natural environment
16-The type of independent variable that may not be the main focus of the study, but may modify the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is called .......... variable.
3. moderator
17-The scores are ordered and the distance between points in the ranking is reflected in .......... scale.
.. interval
18-The positive impact that participants may try to please the researcher by giving responses they think are expected are referred to as....... effect.
3. halo
19-In order to eliminate the possible practice effects or participant inattentiveness.
.. is used.
4. counterbalancing
20-The type of sampling that provides precision in terms of the representativeness of the sample and allows preselected characteristics to be used as variables is called ....... random sampling.
2. stratified
21-The obvious disadvantage to. .. sampling is that it is likely to be biased and should not be taken to be representative of the population.
1. convenience
22-Which sentence is true regarding the calculation of internal consistency?
1. Cronbach's a is not similar to the Kuder-Richardson 20.
2. Cronbach's is used when the number of possible answers is two.
3. Kuder-Richardson 20 requires equal difficulty of the test items.
4. Kuder-Richardson caot be applied to ordinal data. W
23-The disadvantage of the counterbalanced design is that ......
1. the researcher caot get a full range of topics
24-Which one is NOT among the disadvantage of the delayed posttest?
3. One gets a wider snapshot of treatment effects.
25-Which one is NOT true about the qualitative research?
2. It is often product-oriented, or open ended.
26-Concerning the analysis of qualitative data, .......... attempts to avoid placing preconceived notions on the data, with researchers preferring to let the data guide the analysis.
3. Grounded theory
27-Based on the range of introspective methods, .......... allow researchers to investigate learners' perceptions about what they are learning.
4. uptake sheets
28-Among the common coding systems, .......... have been used as a measure of linguistic complexity,
as well as accuracy.
1. T-units
29- Which one is NOT true about the parametric tests?
1. They are generally used with frequency data.
30-.......... is implied when the researcher uses two or more variables to predict a third variable.
3. Multiple Regression
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1- Which of the following is LESS likely to be found in the discussion/conclusion section of an academic paper?
3. major contributions to this research area
2-Which of the following is TRUE about replication and replication studies?
3. Replication studies do not often appear in SLA published journals
3-If three conditions are met, the researcher is allowed to withhold certain information from participants, which of the following is FALSE as one of these conditions?
1. participants receive adequate compensation for any loss or damage
4-Which of the following is FALSE about pilot studies?
1. Data obtained from pilot study should be excluded from the main data
5- There have been numerous challenges and controversies about the use of acceptability judgment. Which of the following is one of them?
2. What are individuals doing when they make judgements?
6- There are some recommendations for carrying out elicited imitation. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be one of them?
2. There should be minimum time between the end of prompt and students' imitation
7-Which of the following fields is known as the origin of methods like sentence matching?
3. psycholinguistics
8-Interaction-based research is designed to manipulate a number of variables. Which of the
following is LEAST likely to be one of them?
4. the kind of learner's intake during interactions
9-Which of the following tasks requires learners to work together to reconstruct a text that has been read to them?
1. ditogloss task
10-What is one problem with elicited narratives as a data collection method?
2. despite the prompt, learners may opt for a different form
11- Which of the following is the most common method of doing pragmatics-based research?
3. discourse completion task
12-Which variables are characteritics of individuals or of treatment variables that may result in an interaction between an independent variable and other variables?
2. moderator variables
13- Which of the following is FALSE about construct validity?
4. it is a marginal topic in second langauge acquisition research
14-The extent to which the results of a study are a function of the factor that the researcher intends is referred to as the--------- validity.
3. internal
15-when maturation is a consideration, the inclusion of -------- provides one way to test whether any observed changes are due to teh experimental treatment or because of maturation.
3. a control group
16-What is the best and perhaps the only way to ensure that the materials of a study will allow the researcher to answer the research questions that he has posed?
1. pilot testing
17-In a/an ------------ design, participants are randomly assigned to one of the groups and each group receives its own particular treatment.
3. comparison group
18- A common way of dealing with the problem of non-random selection is -----------. In this design, all tasks or treatments are given to different individuals in different orders. This is also known as within-group design.
1. repeated measure design
19- According to Mellow et al. (1996), there are a number of reasons for using a time-series design. Which of the following is FALSE as one of them?
2. It reduces the halo and reactivity effects.
20-Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a characteristic of qualitative research?
2. the application of its findings requires a moderately large sample
21-Which of the following is a theoretical concern with regard to ethnographic research?
4. The very act of transcribing the events that were observed may inevitably entail a misrepresentation of them
22-Which of the following is acceptable with regard to the objectivity or subjectivity of the observerin classroom research?
2. he should strive for objectivity and also be aware of the subjective elements in that effort
23- Which of the following was developed as a tool for the study of first and second language acquisition as part of CHILDES?
2. CHAT
24-The average rate of agreement for an entire set of scores that accounts for the frequency of both agreements and disagreements by category is represented by
4. Cohen's Kappa
25-Which of the following is used to find out if the findings from a sample are generalizable to the whole population?
1. inferential statistics
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1-The characteristics of qualitative research is the following items EXCEPT:
1. controlled observation
2 process-oriented
3. assuming a stable reality
4. close to the data
2-Which of the following statement is discussed in literature review:
1. Statement of the topic area
2. Major contribution to the research area
3. Restatement of the main idea
4 General goal of the paper
3. What topic in the introduction section the following example represents: "In earlier views of the relationship between X and Y.....".
1. Major players in the research area
2. Historical overview
3. General goal of the paper
4 Research hypothesis
4-In a research article, the author explains the reader the logistical issues to what was
actually done in the study in the ................... section.
1. procedure
2 analysis
3. conclusion
4. Introduction
5- If one caot repeat the results of a particular study, the ................. of the results of the original study might be called into questions,
1. reliability
2. ethics
3. validity
4. design
6.When collecting data from child second language learners, all the following statement should be taken into consideration EXCEPT:
1. The language should be meaningful and comprehensible to child
2. Child's parents should be informal about the nature and consequences of the study
3. Only the school boards should be informed of the possible negative impact on second language process
4. A signed consent form from active parental consent should be obtained
7-In...., learners are given short contextualized passages with relevant sentences embedded in them. The learners then are asked to interpret the meaning of the sentence.
1. Truth-value judgment
2 Acceptability judgment
3. Elicited Imitation
4. Magnitude estimation
8-In ............................. technique, words are presented on a screen one at a time, with each successive word appearing after a participant indicates that he or she is ready.
1. Sentence interpretation
2 Reacting time
3. Moving windows
4. Eye tracking
9-The ............................ are intended to facilitate learners' cognitive processes in terms of awareness of some language areas or linguistic structures where learners are often required to verbalize their thoughts about language on their way to a solution.
1. spotting the difference
2 consciousness-raising tasks
3. consensus tasks
4. Jigsaw tasks
10-In coding syntactic development in children's L1 writing, one of the critics to ..........is that the definitions and types of error and the methods of counting errors have varied considerably from one researcher to the next.
1. SOC
2. T-units
3. Childs
Clan
11-Which type of scale is most appropriate for Information on participants' place of
residence?
1. nominal
2. ordinal
3. dichotamous
4. interval
12- ......................... validity refers to the familiarity of our instrument and how easy it is toconvince others that there is content validity to it.
1. Construct
2. Criterion-related
3. face
4. Predictive
13-Which of the following represents the average rate of agreement for an entire set
of scores which account for the frequency of both agreements and disagreements?
1. Spearman rank order
2. Pearson Product Moment
3. Cohen's Kappa
4. Two way Anova
14. To minimize threats to the issue of participant mortality, the researcher should
make decisionsabout all the following EXCEPT:
1. research design
2. research question
3. how significant the loss of data would be
4. physical environment of the study
15- The obvious disadvantage of ..... sampling is that it is likely to be biased and should not be taken representative of the population.
1. cluster
2. convenience
3. stratified
purposive
16-What problem in designing materials the following example shows in 'eliciting
relative clauses': "Combine the two sentences below making one sentence. Start with the first sentence.
"The boy love chocolate. I saw the boy.
(Student's answer) The boy loves chocolate and I saw the boy.
1. Insufficient examples for learners to understand what to do.
2. Imprecise instruction
3. Task appropriateness for the elicitation of target structure
4. Insufficient tokens
17-The use of..........., while not typical of experimental research, may have the advantage of enhancing the face validity of certain types of classroom research,
1. intact class
2. counterbalancing
3. comparison design group
4. pre-test/post-test design
18. Which research design is more appropriate for the following research question:
"Do writing topics and L1 background interact to yield different word counts?"
1. Control group design
2. Repeated measures
3. Post-test only design
4. Factorial design
19. According to Mellow (1996), ........... has the features of practicality and reducing the Howthorn effect.
1. time-series design
2. factorial design
3. pre-test/post-test design
4. post-test only design
20-All the following Items represent features of qualitative research EXCEPT:
1. rich description
2. open-ended process
3. more participants
4. emic perspective
21. The goal of ....... ...................... research is to be emic, detailed, holistic and situated in
context with a focus on exploring how complex factors interact.
1. case studies
2. ethnographics
3. diaries/journals
4. observational techniques
22- All the following items represent essential components of thick description EXCEPT:
1. particular description
2. general description
3. dependability
4. Interpretive commentary
23-One of the advantage of using a[n) .................. ...... approach is that the research questions employed in these studies can be dynamic, subject to constant revision, and refined as the research continues to uncover new knowledge.
1. observation
2. interview
3. ethnography
4. case study
24- In classroom research, ........ .......... allow researchers to investigate learners' perception about what they are learning.
1. uptake sheets
2. stimulated recalls
3. diaries
4. action research
25............. have advantage of time sensitivity and are mostly longitudinal.
1. Observations
2. Interviews
3. Uptake sheets
4 . Diary studies
26-What rational of mix-methods the following statement refers to: "If findings are similar from two different approaches, they are more likely to gain traction in the research community."
1. Offset
2 Credibility
3. Process
4. Confirm and discover
27- In .......... design, qualitative data are collected along with the intervention, for example, when one wants Information on the experience of the Intervention itself.
1. counter-embedded
2. triangulation
3. exploratory
4. sequential embedded
28- You have conducted a study in which you
are comparing the effectiveness of three different type of instruction. You are confident that the assumption of a parametic test have been met, if you want to compare the results and see if group differences are due to chance or are sufficient to reject the null hypothesis, you should use .....
1. ANOVA
2 Chi-square
3. Kruska-Wallis
4. t-test
29- A researcher has decided to use the nonparametric test comparable to the t-test. Which of the following should be used?
1. Kendal tau test
2. Friedman test
3. Ma-Whitney U test
4. Kruskal-Wallis test
30-Which of the following allows researchers to carry out a meta-analysis?
Effect size
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1. Qualitative research is discovery-oriented, subjective, close to the data but NOT.....
1. controlled observation
2 process-oriented
3 generalizable
4 assuming a dynamic reality
2- The "restatement of the main idea of the study are usually found in a research paper in the………….- Section
1. Introduction
2 method
2 results
4.discussion
3-A……..a study is an attempt to discover whether the same findings are obtained by another researcher in another context.
1. replication
2 validation
2. duplicability
4. conformability
4. Which of the following is basically ungeneralizable and based on single case studies?
1. quantitative research
2. qualitative research
3 both quantitative and qualitative research
4.experimental studies
5. Which of the following is NOT usually included in the literature review of a research paper?
1. statement of the general issues
2 the questions and/or hypotheses
3 statement of the purpose
4 historical overview
6.A number of conditions should be met to withhold information from participants of a study, Which of the following is LEAST likely to be one of them?
1. All the risks involved should be disclosed.
2 Participants should be debriefed after the study
3. The study will face serious problems if all information is disclosed.
4. Participants should be provided with the outcome of the study
7-In measuring strategies and cognitive processes, a technique used to elicit data Immediately after the completion of the event to be recalled is referred to as .................
1. stimulated recall
2 think aloud protocol
3. elicited narratives
4.Immediate recall
8- The database known as the ……….been designed to facilitate language acquiaition research by allowing researchers to study conversational interactions among child and adult first and second language learners.
1. CHILDES
2 CLAN
2. SPSS
4. CHAT
9- A(n) scale is used for attributes or categories and allow researchers to categorize variables into two or more groups.
2 Interval
3. ordinal
4 nominal
10-Which coding scheme measures children's level of acquisition in terms of how often particular grammatical forms are supplied when they are required?
1. T-unit
2. SOC
3.TLU
4 s-nodes per sentence
11-This type of validity refers to the extent to which tests used in a research study are comparable to other well-established tests of the construct in question.
1. Face validity
2 Internal validity
3. Criterion related validity
4 Content validity
12. The ............ . sampling provides precision in terms of representativeness of the sample and allows preselected characteristic to be used as variables.
1. convenience
2 purposive
3. stratified
4 accidental
13- The best and perhaps the only way to ensure that your materials will allow you to answer the research questions that you have posed is to .......... them.
1. pilot
2 randomize
3 validate
4. scrutinize
14-Which of the following are frequently used with small groups of learners and involves repeated observations (both pre- and post-treatment) over a set of period of time?
1. Correlational design
2 Time-series design
3. Factorial design
4 Comparison within group design
15. Which of the following method generally focuses on the group rather than an individual, stresses the importance of situating the study within the larger sociocultural context?
1. Case study
2 Journal writing
3. Cross sectional study
4 Ethnography
16.To ensure ................, researchers are required to make available full details of the data on which they are basing their dalms or interpretations.
1. dependability
2 credibility
3. thick description
4.confirmability
17. When the students are apparently happy to receive attention from researchers who expressed an interest in them by observing them, and this impacted student's behavior, it might caus..... in doing research.
1. Hawthorne effect
2 Halo effect
3. Obtrusive observer
4 Subjectivity
18. A technique of data collection in which observer tapes or video records a lesson for the stimulus,and then plays the tape to participants, periodically stopping the tape to ask what he or she was thinking at that particular point in time is referred to as -
1. think-aloud protocol
2 stimulated recall
3 Immediate recall
4 uptake sheet
19. Which of the following statistics is used when more than two independent samples involved and the parametric assumption is not met?
1. t-test
2. Ma-Whitney
3. ANOVA
4 Kruskal-Wallis
20-A researcher believes that a number of variables can be used to predict a learner's achievement in learning to write effectively in English. Which of the following is the most appropriate measure for this purpose?
1. multivariate ANOVA
2 multiple regression
3. ANCOVA
4.VARBRU
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نویسنده: پارسا کاشفی